Background: Among the most important determinants of quality of life are socio-economic factors, including economic activity and support of family, environmental and indoor related factors, infrastructure and air quality. The aim of this publication is to identify the factors that determine the quality of life of economically active adults in the industrial agglomeration of Poland. Materials and methods: The epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out among the economically active population of the Silesian Agglomeration. A short version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to ascertain the quality of life of individuals. Furthermore, the software Statistica 9.0 was used to provide analytical and descriptive statistical data. The influence of age, gender, education, type of activity and living environment were used to assess the quality of life in the somatic, psychological, social and environmental domains. Results: It was found that among the important determinants of quality of life in economically active population, aged 45-60 years, living in the industrial agglomeration, were primarily marital status, education level and the current state of health. The data evidenced the worst quality of life among unmarried persons, persons with lower education levels and persons diagnosed with cardio- or respiratory diseases. Conclusions: There is a need to develop health conducive behavior among workers by providing training cycles with the involvement of staff supervising occupational health and safety. These types ofactions can contribute to improving the quality of life of the working population.