BIBLIOMETRICS
Bibliometrics − a term coined by Alan Pritchard in a paper published in 1969, entitled Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics? and defined as "the application of mathematics and statistical methods to books and other media of communication" is a study and measurement of texts and information, including citation and content analyses. In other words, bibliometrics is a set of methods to quantitatively analyze academic literature, which is most often used in the field of library and information science. However, it has wide applications in other areas too. It is used to explore the impact of various research fields, researchers or individual papers*.
Bibliometrics − a term coined by Alan Pritchard in a paper published in 1969, entitled Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics? and defined as "the application of mathematics and statistical methods to books and other media of communication" is a study and measurement of texts and information, including citation and content analyses. In other words, bibliometrics is a set of methods to quantitatively analyze academic literature, which is most often used in the field of library and information science. However, it has wide applications in other areas too. It is used to explore the impact of various research fields, researchers or individual papers*.
Altmetrics − a generalization of article level metrics; an alternative to the widely used journal impact factor and personal citation indices like the h-index. Altmetrics cover not just citation counts, but also other aspects of the impact of a work, such as how many data and knowledge bases refer to it, article views, downloads, or mentions in social and news media*.
Citation analysis − examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in articles and books; one of the most widely used methods of bibliometrics*.
Citation index − a kind of bibliographic database, an index of citations between publications, which enables the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents*.
Co-citation − the frequency with which two documents are cited together by other documents, a measure for documents that makes use of citation relationships*.
H-index − an index that reflects both the productivity and impact of the published work of a scientist or scholar. It is based on the set of the scientist's most frequently cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. In other words, a scholar with an index of h has published h papers each of which has been cited in other papers at least h times. Thus, the h-index reflects both the number of publications and the number of citations per publication. The index can be also applied to the productivity and impact of a group of scientists, such as a department or university or country, as well as a scholarly journal*.
Immediacy index − a measure of how topical and urgent work published in a scientific journal is. Along with the better known impact factor measure, it is calculated each year by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) for those journals which it indexes; both impact factors and immediacy indices are published annually in the Journal Citation Reports*.
Impact factor (IF) − a measure reflecting the average number of citations of recent articles published in a journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed to be more important than those with lower ones. Impact factors are calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports*.
Journal Citation Reports (JCR) – an annual publication by the Science and Scholarly Research division of Thomson Reuters, which provides information concerning academic journals in the sciences and social sciences, including impact factors. It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science-Core Collections. Currently, the JCR is based on citations compiled from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Information given for each journal includes:
− the basic bibliographic information of a publisher, title abbreviation, language, ISSN
− the subject categories (171 categories in the sciences and 54 in the social sciences)*.
Scientometrics − the study of measuring and analysing science research. In practice, scientometrics is often done using bibliometrics. Methods of research include: qualitative, quantitative and computational approaches*.
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR indicator) − a measure of scientific influence of scientific journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from. The SJR indicator, which is inspired by the PageRank algorithm, has been developed to be used in extremely large and heterogeneous journal citation networks. It is a size-independent indicator and its values order journals by their "average prestige per article" and can be used for journal comparisons in science evaluation processes. The SJR indicator is a free journal metric which uses an algorithm similar to PageRank and provides an alternative to the impact factor (IF), which is based on data from the Science Citation Index*.
The Webometrics Ranking − a ranking system for the world's universities, repositories, hospitals, business schools and research centres based on a composite indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web contents (number of web pages and files) and the visibility and impact of these web publications according to the number of external inlinks (site citations) they received. The central hypothesis of this approach is that web presence is a reliable indicator of the global performance and prestige of the entity and as such, is an indirect way to measure all the entity’s missions (teaching, research, transfer). Webometric indicators are provided to show the commitment of the institutions to Web publication. Currently NIOM takes the 7th place among research centres in Poland (http://research.webometrics.info/en). The ranking started in 2004 and is updated every January and July*.
Publish or Perish − a software program that retrieves and analyzes academic citations. It uses Google Scholar and (since release 4.1) Microsoft Academic Search to obtain the raw citations, then analyzes these and presents the following metrics:
− total number of papers and total number of citations
− average citations per paper, citations per author, papers per author, and citations per year
− Hirsch's h-index and related parameters
− Egghe's g-index
− the contemporary h-index
− three variations of individual h-indices
− the average annual increase in the individual h-index
− the age-weighted citation rate
− an analysis of the number of authors per paper**.
* based on Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org
** based on http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm
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