Background: The objective of this work was to study the association between industries, occupations, and occupational exposure to different substances and the risk of lung cancer on the basis of case-control study. Material and Methods: 414 primary lung cancer cases recorded within the period of 1998-2002, identified in the Łódź centre under the international multicentre case-control study, coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), were assessed. Controls, individuals who did not report any tobacco-related diseases or other cancers, were matched to cases by geographic area and age. Data on lung cancer risk factors were derived from a questionnaire on life styles and occupational exposure. Detailed information was collected on occupational histories of all study subjects and exposure to lung carcinogens was subsequently assessed by occupational hygienists. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Confounders such as age, gender, education, diet and cigarette smoking were controlled in the analysis. Results: A total of 88 case and 79 controls had been employed in occupations and industries associated with exposures to established or suspected carcinogens for lung cancer. The corresponding odds ratio was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.48-1.06). Within the group of study population, the most people were ever exposed to organic dust, lubricating oil mist, sand, mild steel dust, organic solvents and abrasives dust. Exposure to organic dust and lubricating oil mist occurred mainly in the textile industry, while exposure to sand abrasive dust and organic solvents mainly occurred in construction manufacturing industry. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that occupational exposures are responsible for moderate increase of lung cancer risk in Lódź centre. However only small fraction of study population were exposed to well established carcinogens. Med Pr 2008;59(1):25-34